Thermodynamics
chemical energetics
It is the branch of chemistry which deals with the study of quantitative relationships between heat and other forms of energies.
some thermodynamics terms
system :
It is a specific part so the universe selected for study
surrounding:
The remaining part of the universe excepted the system is called surrounding
boundary:
The region separating the system from the surrounding is called boundary
If a substance is heated in a test tube, then the substance forms the system, walls of the tube from the boundary and everything else is the surrounding
types of system-
open system:
A system which can exchange matter as well energy with the surrounding forms an open system
closed system:
A system which can exchange energy but not the matter with the surrounding is called a closed system
when water is heated in a closed beaker, we see the transfer of heat from surrounding burner to the system but the matter is not exchanged
isolated system: A system that can neither exchange mass nor energy with the surroundings is called an isolated system.
homogeneous system: It is the one in which the constituents present are in the same phase and its composition is uniform throughout. Example: miscible liquids and the mixture of gases.
heterogeneous system: It is the one in which the constituent s present is not in the same phase and the composition is not uniform throughout.
Example: the mixture of two or more solids, immiscible liquids, insoluble salt in a. liquid etc. Internal energy (u): The total energy stored in a system under a given set of conditions is called its internal energy. Internal energy change: Internal energy change is the heat evolved or absorbed in a reaction at constant temperature and volume.
Characteristic of internal energy : (i) As its value depends upon the quantity of matter present in the system, it is an extensive property. (ii) Its value does not depend upon the path followed. (iii) It is a state function. Its value depends upon the initial and the final state of the system.
Characteristic of internal energy : (i) As its value depends upon the quantity of matter present in the system, it is an extensive property. (ii) Its value does not depend upon the path followed. (iii) It is a state function. Its value depends upon the initial and the final state of the system.
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